Access Specifier or Modifier in C#

Visibility Control:-  When we want to  implement inheritance, it is important to understand ,how to establish visibility levels for our classes and their members. There are four types of a accessibility modifiers which may be applied to classes and members to specify their level of visibility.

1. Public
2. private
3. protected
4. internal

Class Visibility:- 

Each class needs to specify its level of visibility. class visibility is used to decide which  parts of the system can create class objects.In  c# class  can have one of the two visibility modifier public or internal. If we do not explicitly mark the visibility modifier of a class, it is implicit  set to 'internal' that is by default all classes are internal.

Class marked public are accessible everywhere ,Both within and outside the program assembly.

Class Member Visibility:-  One of the goal of object oriented programming is data hiding. That is a class may be designed to hide its members from outside accessibility. C#  provides a set of 'access modifiers' It specify the scope of type and its member up to which level they can be access.

There are five access specifier in C#.

1. Private:- Private member can be access only within the block { },where they have been declared. By default the class member are private.
2. Protected:- protected member can be access within containing classes and Derived classes.

                                                       OR

                          Protected member is visible only to its own class and its derived classes.

     3. Internal:- Internal member can be access within Containing classes and Containing program or Application or Assembly.

    4. Protected Internal:- Protected Internal member is access within containing classes, Derived classes.and containing program.

                                                         OR

      It is available in the containing program or assembly and in the Derived classes.

   

    5. Public :-Public member is access  within containing classes,Derived classes, containing program, anywhere outside the containing program.

                                                                OR                           

     Public member is accessible from anywhere outside the the class as well. It is also accessible in Derived classes.

When no modifier is specified, it default to 'private' accessibility. It is important to remember that the accessibility of a member is never larger than that of the class containing it.

     

You can easily understand all modifiers with the help of Diagram which is given below.

See it:- Visibility of class member:

Example:-  When access inherits from a base class, all members of the base class, except Constructor and Destructors are inherited and become member of derived class.

Program code:-

using System;
namespace accessspecifier
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
          
            B B1=new B();
            B1.show();
        }
    }
   class A
   {
       private int x;
       protected int y;
       internal int z;
       public int p;
       protected internal int q;
   }
    class B:A
    {
        public void show()
        {
            //x=10;
            y=20;
           z=30;
           p=40;
           q=50;
      // Console.WriteLine(+x);          // Error x is not accessible
         Console.WriteLine(+y);
         Console.WriteLine(+z);
         Console.WriteLine(+p);
         Console.WriteLine(+q);
         Console.ReadLine();
             
        }
    }
}

 There are some steps to implement this concept:
Step1:- Open your visual studio -> open console application-> In Program.cs  File paste the above program code.
SEE IT:-

Step2:- Run the application (press F5).
Output:->

Description:- In above program i have two classes one is base class name as 'A' and other is child class name as 'B'.  In parent class A i have declared  x,y,z,p,q variable with their access specifier,.Here x variable access specifier is Private , so you can not initialize x variable value outside the class. Here i have initialized x value in Derived class so Error is occurred that x is not accessible.
For more:

1. Namespace
2. Call by value and call by reference
3. Overview of C#
4. File handling Real Application
5. oops
6. How to retrieve forget password from asp.net application

I hope this helpful for you.

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